Jacques

Thank you for your response Larry, I will fiddle with it a bit. Best regards.

Hi Larry, Thank you very much for your response. Unfortunately I couldn't get it to work yet. If I remove the $bn variable from the IF conditional (to test), the query executes but doesn't set the NULL (default value) in the business_name field in the database. Is that correct? Or could you suggest a way to check for either $bn values in the IF conditional? Best regards.

Hi Larry, Please accept my sincere apology for wasting your time by adding the wrong code. The code above included an alternative solution that I found, but I prefer to use your code and solution as below. I tested only the business_name column in the database by inserting the NULL value via the Xammp MariaDB SQL console, and the query executed and inserted the NULL value. Below please find the actual code from your code examples. Thank you. <?php /* * Script: signup.php * Modified: 03-18-2022 * Frontend: HTML5 & CSS3 * Backend: PHP 7 * Database: MariaDB 10 */ /* This script: - is the sign up page for the application. - calls the configuration script. - redirects invalid users. - opens the database connection. - displays, validates and processes the sign up form. */ // Require the configuration before any PHP code as the configuration controls error reporting: require('includes/config.inc.php'); // The config file also starts the session. // If an id session variable exists, redirect the user: if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) { $url = 'dashboard.php'; // Define the URL. ob_end_clean(); // Delete the buffer. header("Location: $url"); exit(); // Quit the script. } // Require the database connection: require(MYSQL); // Include the page title: $page_title = $words['words200']; // Include the HTML header file: include('templates/header.html'); // Look for a form submission: if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { // Trim all the incoming data: $trimmed = array_map('trim', $_POST); // Assume invalid values: $fn = $ln = $bn = $c = $s = $e = $p = FALSE; // Look for a first name: if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['first_name'])) { $fn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['first_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words201'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a last name: if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['last_name'])) { $ln = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['last_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words202'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a business name (not required): if (empty($trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = NULL; } elseif (preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9 \',.#-]{2,80}$/i', $trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['business_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words203'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a country: if (isset($_POST['country']) && filter_var($_POST['country'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1)) ) { $c = $_POST['country']; } else { // No country selected. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words204'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a state: if (isset($_POST['state']) && filter_var($_POST['state'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1)) ) { $s = $_POST['state']; } else { // No state selected. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words205'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for an email address: if (filter_var($trimmed['email1'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { if ($trimmed['email1'] == $trimmed['email2']) { $e = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['email1']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words206'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words207'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a password and match against the confirmed password: if (strlen($trimmed['password1']) >= 8) { if ($trimmed['password1'] == $trimmed['password2']) { $p = password_hash($trimmed['password1'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words208'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words209'] . '</p> </div>'; } if ($fn && $ln && $bn && $c && $s && $e && $p) { // If everything's OK. // Make sure the email address is available: $q = "SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE email='$e'"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc)); if (mysqli_num_rows($r) == 0) { // Available. // Create the activation code: $a = md5(uniqid(rand(), true)); // Add the user to the database: $q = "INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, business_name, country_id, state_id, email, pass, active, date_created) VALUES ('$fn', '$ln', '$bn', '$c', '$s', '$e', '$p', '$a', NOW() )"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc)); if (mysqli_affected_rows($dbc) == 1) { // If it ran OK. // Send a sign up notification email: $body = "" . $words['words210'] . "\n\n" . $words['words211'] . "\n\n"; $body .= BASE_URL . 'activate.php?x=' . urlencode($e) . "&y=$a\n\n" . $words['words212'] . "\n\n" . $words['words213'] . ""; mail($trimmed['email1'], $words['words214'], $body, 'From: ' . SEND_EMAIL); // Finish the script: echo '<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words215'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words216'] . '</p> </div>'; include('templates/footer.html'); // Include the HTML footer. exit(); // Stop the script. } else { // If it did not run OK. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words217'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words218'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { // The email address is not available. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words219'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words220'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { // If one of the data tests failed. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words221'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words222'] . '</p> </div>'; } } // End of the main Submit conditional. ?> <!-- Sign Up Form --> <section class="slice sct-color-2 border-top border-bottom" id="signup"> <div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-center g-5"> <div class="col-lg-7"> <div class="card form-card form-card--style-2"> <div class="form-header text-center"> <div class="form-header-icon"> <i class="fa-solid fa-user-plus"></i> </div> </div> <div class="form-body"> <div class="text-center px-2"> <h3 class="heading heading-2 strong-600 text-normal"><?php echo $words['words223'] ?></h3> </div> <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words224'] ?></p> <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words225'] ?> <a href="signin.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words226'] ?></a> </p> <form action="signup.php" method="post" class="form-signup" role="form"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="first_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['first_name'])) echo $trimmed['first_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words227'] ?>" maxlength="40" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="last_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['last_name'])) echo $trimmed['last_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words228'] ?>" maxlength="40" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="business_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['business_name'])) echo $trimmed['business_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words229'] ?>" maxlength="80"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <select name="country" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words230'] ?></option> <?php // Retrieve all the countries and add to the pull-down menu: $q = "SELECT country_id, country FROM countries WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY country ASC"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q); while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) { echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\""; // Look for stickyness: if (isset($_POST['country']) && ($_POST['country'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"'; echo ">$row[1]</option>\n"; } ?> </select> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <select name="state" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words231'] ?></option> <?php // Retrieve all the states and add to the pull-down menu: $q = "SELECT state_id, state FROM states WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY state ASC"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q); while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) { echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\""; // Look for stickyness: if (isset($_POST['state']) && ($_POST['state'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"'; echo ">$row[1]</option>\n"; } ?> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email1'])) echo $trimmed['email1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words232'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email2'])) echo $trimmed['email2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words233'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="password" name="password1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password1'])) echo $trimmed['password1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words234'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password2'])) echo $trimmed['password2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words235'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="form-group"> <p class="text-center mt-2"> <?php echo $words['words236'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#privacyModal"><?php echo $words['words237'] ?></a> <?php echo $words['words238'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#termsModal"><?php echo $words['words239'] ?></a>. </p> </div> </div> </div> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="w-100 btn btn-block btn-styled btn-base-2 mt-2"><?php echo $words['words240'] ?></button> </form> <!-- Form Auxiliary Links --> <div class="form-user-footer-links"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6"> <p class="mt-4"> <a href="reset_password.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words241'] ?></a> </p> </div> <div class="col-6"> <p class=" text-right mt-4"> <a href="index.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words242'] ?></a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section><!-- /.sign up form --> <?php // Include the HTML footer file: include('templates/footer.html');

Hi Larry, Apologies as I tried to submit more information after I realized that I hadn't provided enough, but forgot to submit it! Below is the complete signup script. Thank you. <?php /* * Script: signup.php * Modified: 03-18-2022 * Frontend: HTML5 & CSS3 * Backend: PHP 7 * Database: MariaDB 10 */ /* This script: - is the sign up page for the application. - calls the configuration script. - redirects invalid users. - opens the database connection. - displays, validates and processes the sign up form. */ // Require the configuration before any PHP code as the configuration controls error reporting: require('includes/config.inc.php'); // The config file also starts the session. // If an id session variable exists, redirect the user: if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) { $url = 'dashboard.php'; // Define the URL. ob_end_clean(); // Delete the buffer. header("Location: $url"); exit(); // Quit the script. } // Require the database connection: require(MYSQL); // Include the page title: $page_title = $words['words200']; // Include the HTML header file: include('templates/header.html'); // Look for a form submission: if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { // Trim all the incoming data: $trimmed = array_map('trim', $_POST); // Assume invalid values: $fn = $ln = $bn = $c = $s = $e = $p = FALSE; // Look for a first name: if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['first_name'])) { $fn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['first_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words201'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a last name: if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['last_name'])) { $ln = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['last_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words202'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a business name (not required): if (empty($trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = true; } elseif (preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9 \',.#-]{2,80}$/i', $trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['business_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words203'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a country: if (isset($_POST['country']) && filter_var($_POST['country'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1)) ) { $c = $_POST['country']; } else { // No country selected. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words204'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a state: if (isset($_POST['state']) && filter_var($_POST['state'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1)) ) { $s = $_POST['state']; } else { // No state selected. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words205'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for an email address: if (filter_var($trimmed['email1'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { if ($trimmed['email1'] == $trimmed['email2']) { $e = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['email1']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words206'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words207'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a password and match against the confirmed password: if (strlen($trimmed['password1']) >= 8) { if ($trimmed['password1'] == $trimmed['password2']) { $p = password_hash($trimmed['password1'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words208'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words209'] . '</p> </div>'; } if ($fn && $ln && $bn && $c && $s && $e && $p) { // If everything's OK. // Make sure the email address is available: $q = "SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE email='$e'"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc)); if (mysqli_num_rows($r) == 0) { // Available. // Create the activation code: $a = md5(uniqid(rand(), true)); // Add the user to the database: $q = "INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, business_name, country_id, state_id, email, pass, active, date_created) VALUES ('$fn', '$ln', NULLIF ('$bn',''), '$c', '$s', '$e', '$p', '$a', NOW() )"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc)); if (mysqli_affected_rows($dbc) == 1) { // If it ran OK. // Send a sign up notification email: $body = "" . $words['words210'] . "\n\n" . $words['words211'] . "\n\n"; $body .= BASE_URL . 'activate.php?x=' . urlencode($e) . "&y=$a\n\n" . $words['words212'] . "\n\n" . $words['words213'] . ""; mail($trimmed['email1'], $words['words214'], $body, 'From: ' . SEND_EMAIL); // Finish the script: echo '<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words215'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words216'] . '</p> </div>'; include('templates/footer.html'); // Include the HTML footer. exit(); // Stop the script. } else { // If it did not run OK. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words217'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words218'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { // The email address is not available. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words219'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words220'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { // If one of the data tests failed. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words221'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words222'] . '</p> </div>'; } } // End of the main Submit conditional. ?> <!-- Sign Up Form --> <section class="slice sct-color-2 border-top border-bottom" id="signup"> <div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-center g-5"> <div class="col-lg-7"> <div class="card form-card form-card--style-2"> <div class="form-header text-center"> <div class="form-header-icon"> <i class="fa-solid fa-user-plus"></i> </div> </div> <div class="form-body"> <div class="text-center px-2"> <h3 class="heading heading-2 strong-600 text-normal"><?php echo $words['words223'] ?></h3> </div> <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words224'] ?></p> <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words225'] ?> <a href="signin.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words226'] ?></a> </p> <form action="signup.php" method="post" class="form-signup" role="form"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="first_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['first_name'])) echo $trimmed['first_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words227'] ?>" maxlength="40" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="last_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['last_name'])) echo $trimmed['last_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words228'] ?>" maxlength="40" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="business_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['business_name'])) echo $trimmed['business_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words229'] ?>" maxlength="80"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <select name="country" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words230'] ?></option> <?php // Retrieve all the countries and add to the pull-down menu: $q = "SELECT country_id, country FROM countries WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY country ASC"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q); while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) { echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\""; // Look for stickyness: if (isset($_POST['country']) && ($_POST['country'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"'; echo ">$row[1]</option>\n"; } ?> </select> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <select name="state" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words231'] ?></option> <?php // Retrieve all the states and add to the pull-down menu: $q = "SELECT state_id, state FROM states WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY state ASC"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q); while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) { echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\""; // Look for stickyness: if (isset($_POST['state']) && ($_POST['state'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"'; echo ">$row[1]</option>\n"; } ?> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email1'])) echo $trimmed['email1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words232'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email2'])) echo $trimmed['email2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words233'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="password" name="password1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password1'])) echo $trimmed['password1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words234'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password2'])) echo $trimmed['password2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words235'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="form-group"> <p class="text-center mt-2"> <?php echo $words['words236'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#privacyModal"><?php echo $words['words237'] ?></a> <?php echo $words['words238'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#termsModal"><?php echo $words['words239'] ?></a>. </p> </div> </div> </div> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="w-100 btn btn-block btn-styled btn-base-2 mt-2"><?php echo $words['words240'] ?></button> </form> <!-- Form Auxiliary Links --> <div class="form-user-footer-links"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6"> <p class="mt-4"> <a href="reset_password.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words241'] ?></a> </p> </div> <div class="col-6"> <p class=" text-right mt-4"> <a href="index.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words242'] ?></a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section><!-- /.sign up form --> <?php // Include the HTML footer file: include('templates/footer.html');

Hi Larry, I am using your validation method from chapter 10 to validate and optional business name but the query doesn't want to execute. I have re-checked the validation (no errors) and database, but cannot find anything wrong. When I run a SQL query in Xammp to update a user's business name to NULL, the record updates, so the column settings are correct. Do you perhaps have any suggestions? Thank you. // Look for a business name (not required): if (empty($trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = NULL; } elseif (preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9 \',.#-]{2,80}$/i', $trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['business_name']); } else { echo '<p>Please enter a valid business name!</p>'; }

Hi Larry, Thank you very much for taking the time to explain the implementation details. Hopefully I can get my head around it! Kind regards.

Thank you for your response Larry. If you could perhaps offer some guidance in terms of how you would approach such a subscription model, it would be much appreciated. Kind regards.

Hi Larry, I want to offer different subscription plans on my virtual products site (free, basic, standard and premium) that would limit subscribers to a number of views. Should I use the virtual subscription model (Part 2) and adapt it, or use the shopping cart model (Part 3)? Regards.

Hi Larry, Thank you very much for your answer. What you explained makes perfect sense so I will exclude the duplicate login for the project. Regards.

Hi Larry, I want to manage logins to disallow duplicate logins so that one subscriber can't use another subscriber's login credentials to log in simultaneously. I was thinking of adding a "logged_in" ENUM column to the user table with values "Yes" and "No". The value is set to "Yes" when the user logs in and to "No" when the user logs out. But if the user just closes the browser window without logging out via the website, that would create an issue when the user tries to log in again. Your thoughts on this will be much appreciated. Regards.

Thank you Larry.

Thank you very much for your answer Larry. Of course it makes perfect sense to me now!

Hi Larry, Thank you very much for your response. I changed the innodb_log_file_size and innodb_log_file_size in the my.ini text file as recommended in the StackOverflow article without any success. Changing the storage engine from InnoDB to MyISAM seems to have solve the issue so should I just continue with MyISAM? If I run into issues with MyISAm I will have to switch the columns and the rows as you suggested. Regards.

Hi Larry, Thank you for your guidance. The query from the code above calls all the users, languages and time zones from their respective tables so no wonder the script didn't execute! The correct query is: $q = "SELECT a.user_id, u.type, u.email, LEFT(u.first_name,1) AS icon, CONCAT(u.first_name, ' ', u.last_name) AS name, u.lang_id, u.timezone_id FROM access_tokens AS a INNER JOIN users AS u ON u.id=u.id WHERE a.token=? AND a.user_id=u.id AND a.date_expires>NOW()"; The script now executes and stores the correct sessions. Just one last question if I may: Should I generate a session id for an admin user within the reset.php script or let the admin user first reset his or her password via the link and then sign out and sign in again through the signin.php page which will generate the admin session? My main concern is security.

Hi Larry, I have incorporated the language part of the forum project into my e-commerce site. I have however ran into issues with MySQL/MariaDB regarding the number of word columns representing the translatable words for the site (over 250 so far). I get the following database error: "Warning: #139 Row size too large (&gt; 8126). Changing some columns to TEXT or BLOB or using ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC or ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED may help. In current row format, BLOB prefix of 768 bytes is stored inline." Do you have any suggestions on a different approach maybe as having so many columns in a database table is probably not a good idea? Thank you.