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Form Validation for Optional Values


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Hi Larry,

I am using your validation method from chapter 10 to validate and optional business name but the query doesn't want to execute. I have re-checked the validation (no errors) and database, but cannot find anything wrong. When I run a SQL query in Xammp to update a user's business name to NULL, the record updates, so the column settings are correct.

Do you perhaps have any suggestions?

Thank you.  
       


	// Look for a business name (not required):
	if (empty($trimmed['business_name'])) {
		$bn = NULL;
	} elseif (preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9 \',.#-]{2,80}$/i', $trimmed['business_name'])) {
		$bn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['business_name']);
	} else {
		echo '<p>Please enter a valid business name!</p>';
	}

 

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Hey Jacques! There's not really enough information here for me to make any suggestions. I'd start with the standard debugging methods: print out the query being run on the database (i.e., an example of the dynamically generated query) and also have the database report any errors (do this in the PHP script itself).

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Hi Larry,

Apologies as I tried to submit more information after I realized that I hadn't provided enough, but forgot to submit it! Below is the complete signup script.

Thank you.  

<?php

/*
 * Script:      signup.php
 * Modified:    03-18-2022
 * Frontend:    HTML5 & CSS3
 * Backend:     PHP 7
 * Database:    MariaDB 10
*/

/* This script:
 - is the sign up page for the application.
 - calls the configuration script.
 - redirects invalid users.
 - opens the database connection.
 - displays, validates and processes the sign up form.
*/

// Require the configuration before any PHP code as the configuration controls error reporting:
require('includes/config.inc.php');
// The config file also starts the session.

// If an id session variable exists, redirect the user:
if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) {
	$url = 'dashboard.php'; // Define the URL.
	ob_end_clean(); // Delete the buffer.
	header("Location: $url");
	exit(); // Quit the script.
}

// Require the database connection:
require(MYSQL);

// Include the page title:
$page_title = $words['words200'];

// Include the HTML header file:
include('templates/header.html');

// Look for a form submission:	
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {

	// Trim all the incoming data:
	$trimmed = array_map('trim', $_POST);

	// Assume invalid values:
	$fn = $ln = $bn = $c = $s = $e = $p = FALSE;

	// Look for a first name:
	if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['first_name'])) {
		$fn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['first_name']);
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words201'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a last name:
	if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['last_name'])) {
		$ln = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['last_name']);
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words202'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a business name (not required):
	if (empty($trimmed['business_name'])) {
		$bn = true;
	} elseif (preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9 \',.#-]{2,80}$/i', $trimmed['business_name'])) {
		$bn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['business_name']);
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words203'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a country:
	if (isset($_POST['country']) && filter_var($_POST['country'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1))  ) {
		$c = $_POST['country'];
	} else { // No country selected.
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words204'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a state:
	if (isset($_POST['state']) && filter_var($_POST['state'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1))  ) {
		$s = $_POST['state'];
	} else { // No state selected.
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
		<p class="text-md">' . $words['words205'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for an email address:
	if (filter_var($trimmed['email1'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
		if ($trimmed['email1'] == $trimmed['email2']) {
			$e = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['email1']);
		} else {
			echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
				<p class="text-md">' . $words['words206'] . '</p>
			</div>';
		}
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words207'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a password and match against the confirmed password:
	if (strlen($trimmed['password1']) >= 8) {
		if ($trimmed['password1'] == $trimmed['password2']) {
			$p = password_hash($trimmed['password1'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
		} else {
			echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
				<p class="text-md">' . $words['words208'] . '</p>
			</div>';
		}
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words209'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	if ($fn && $ln && $bn && $c && $s && $e && $p) { // If everything's OK.

		// Make sure the email address is available:
		$q = "SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE email='$e'";
		$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc));

		if (mysqli_num_rows($r) == 0) { // Available.

			// Create the activation code:
			$a = md5(uniqid(rand(), true));

			// Add the user to the database:
			$q = "INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, business_name, country_id, state_id, email, pass, active, date_created) VALUES ('$fn', '$ln', NULLIF ('$bn',''), '$c', '$s', '$e', '$p', '$a', NOW() )";
			$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc));

			if (mysqli_affected_rows($dbc) == 1) { // If it ran OK.

				// Send a sign up notification email:
				$body = "" . $words['words210'] . "\n\n" . $words['words211'] . "\n\n";
				$body .= BASE_URL . 'activate.php?x=' . urlencode($e) . "&y=$a\n\n" . $words['words212'] . "\n\n" . $words['words213'] . "";
				mail($trimmed['email1'], $words['words214'], $body, 'From: ' . SEND_EMAIL);

				// Finish the script:
				echo '<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert" my-3>
					<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check fa-4x"></i>
					<h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words215'] . '</h4>
					<p class="text-md">' . $words['words216'] . '</p>
				</div>';
				include('templates/footer.html'); // Include the HTML footer.
				exit(); // Stop the script.

			} else { // If it did not run OK.
				echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3>
					<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i>
					<h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words217'] . '</h4>
					<p class="text-md">' . $words['words218'] . '</p>
				</div>';
			}

		} else { // The email address is not available.
			echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3>
				<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i>
				<h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words219'] . '</h4>
				<p class="text-md">' . $words['words220'] . '</p>
			</div>';
		}

	} else { // If one of the data tests failed.
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3>
			<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i>
			<h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words221'] . '</h4>
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words222'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

} // End of the main Submit conditional.

?>

<!-- Sign Up Form -->
<section class="slice sct-color-2 border-top border-bottom" id="signup">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row justify-content-center g-5">
            <div class="col-lg-7">
                <div class="card form-card form-card--style-2">
                    <div class="form-header text-center">
                        <div class="form-header-icon">
                            <i class="fa-solid fa-user-plus"></i>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-body">
                        <div class="text-center px-2">
                            <h3 class="heading heading-2 strong-600 text-normal"><?php echo $words['words223'] ?></h3>
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words224'] ?></p>
                        <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words225'] ?>
                        	<a href="signin.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words226'] ?></a>
                        </p>
                        <form action="signup.php" method="post" class="form-signup" role="form">
                        	<div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="text" name="first_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['first_name'])) echo $trimmed['first_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words227'] ?>" maxlength="40" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="text" name="last_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['last_name'])) echo $trimmed['last_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words228'] ?>" maxlength="40" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-12">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="text" name="business_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['business_name'])) echo $trimmed['business_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words229'] ?>" maxlength="80">
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                    	<select name="country" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words230'] ?></option>
											<?php // Retrieve all the countries and add to the pull-down menu:
											$q = "SELECT country_id, country FROM countries WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY country ASC";
											$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q);
											while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) {
												echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\"";
												// Look for stickyness:
												if (isset($_POST['country']) && ($_POST['country'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"';
												echo ">$row[1]</option>\n";
											}
											?>
										</select>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
									<select name="state" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words231'] ?></option>
											<?php // Retrieve all the states and add to the pull-down menu:
											$q = "SELECT state_id, state FROM states WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY state ASC";
											$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q);
											while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) {
												echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\"";
												// Look for stickyness:
												if (isset($_POST['state']) && ($_POST['state'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"';
												echo ">$row[1]</option>\n";
											}
											?>
										</select>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="email" name="email1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email1'])) echo $trimmed['email1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words232'] ?>" maxlength="50" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="email" name="email2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email2'])) echo $trimmed['email2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words233'] ?>" maxlength="50" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="password" name="password1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password1'])) echo $trimmed['password1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words234'] ?>" maxlength="50" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password2'])) echo $trimmed['password2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words235'] ?>" maxlength="50" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                            	<div class="col-md-12">
	                                <div class="form-group">
	                                	<p class="text-center mt-2">
	                                        <?php echo $words['words236'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#privacyModal"><?php echo $words['words237'] ?></a> <?php echo $words['words238'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#termsModal"><?php echo $words['words239'] ?></a>.
	                                    </p>
	                                </div>
	                            </div>
                            </div>
                            <button type="submit" name="submit" class="w-100 btn btn-block btn-styled btn-base-2 mt-2"><?php echo $words['words240'] ?></button>
                        </form>

                        <!-- Form Auxiliary Links -->
                        <div class="form-user-footer-links">
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-6">
                                    <p class="mt-4">
                                        <a href="reset_password.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words241'] ?></a>
                                    </p>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-6">
                                    <p class=" text-right mt-4">
                                        <a href="index.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words242'] ?></a>
                                    </p>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</section><!-- /.sign up form -->

<?php
// Include the HTML footer file:
include('templates/footer.html');

 

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In your two code examples you have different assigned values for if the business name is empty. First you assign it to the PHP NULL and in the script you assign it to the PHP true. Then you use this value in the MySQL NULLIF() function. In either case you use the value in quotes, which might work, but probably isn't in your case. 

When you're testing this query directly you say it works, but I imagine at that time you're using a query with NULLIF('', ''), which is probably not the same as whatever PHP is doing. My suspicion is the PHP-generated values don't resolve to an equal comparison in the MySQL query. Specifically I would guess that the PHP NULL or true would get converted to 0 or 1 when put into a string and quoted.

You can confirm this by printing out the query dynamically generated by the PHP script. 

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Hi Larry,

Please accept my sincere apology for wasting your time by adding the wrong code. The code above included an alternative solution that I found, but I prefer to use your code and solution as below. I tested only the business_name column in the database by inserting the NULL value via the Xammp MariaDB SQL console, and the query executed and inserted the NULL value. Below please find the actual code from your code examples. Thank you.

<?php

/*
 * Script:      signup.php
 * Modified:    03-18-2022
 * Frontend:    HTML5 & CSS3
 * Backend:     PHP 7
 * Database:    MariaDB 10
*/

/* This script:
 - is the sign up page for the application.
 - calls the configuration script.
 - redirects invalid users.
 - opens the database connection.
 - displays, validates and processes the sign up form.
*/

// Require the configuration before any PHP code as the configuration controls error reporting:
require('includes/config.inc.php');
// The config file also starts the session.

// If an id session variable exists, redirect the user:
if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) {
	$url = 'dashboard.php'; // Define the URL.
	ob_end_clean(); // Delete the buffer.
	header("Location: $url");
	exit(); // Quit the script.
}

// Require the database connection:
require(MYSQL);

// Include the page title:
$page_title = $words['words200'];

// Include the HTML header file:
include('templates/header.html');

// Look for a form submission:	
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {

	// Trim all the incoming data:
	$trimmed = array_map('trim', $_POST);

	// Assume invalid values:
	$fn = $ln = $bn = $c = $s = $e = $p = FALSE;

	// Look for a first name:
	if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['first_name'])) {
		$fn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['first_name']);
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words201'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a last name:
	if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['last_name'])) {
		$ln = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['last_name']);
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words202'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a business name (not required):
	if (empty($trimmed['business_name'])) {
		$bn = NULL;
	} elseif (preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9 \',.#-]{2,80}$/i', $trimmed['business_name'])) {
		$bn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['business_name']);
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words203'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a country:
	if (isset($_POST['country']) && filter_var($_POST['country'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1))  ) {
		$c = $_POST['country'];
	} else { // No country selected.
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words204'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a state:
	if (isset($_POST['state']) && filter_var($_POST['state'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1))  ) {
		$s = $_POST['state'];
	} else { // No state selected.
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
		<p class="text-md">' . $words['words205'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for an email address:
	if (filter_var($trimmed['email1'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
		if ($trimmed['email1'] == $trimmed['email2']) {
			$e = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['email1']);
		} else {
			echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
				<p class="text-md">' . $words['words206'] . '</p>
			</div>';
		}
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words207'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	// Look for a password and match against the confirmed password:
	if (strlen($trimmed['password1']) >= 8) {
		if ($trimmed['password1'] == $trimmed['password2']) {
			$p = password_hash($trimmed['password1'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
		} else {
			echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
				<p class="text-md">' . $words['words208'] . '</p>
			</div>';
		}
	} else {
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3">
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words209'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

	if ($fn && $ln && $bn && $c && $s && $e && $p) { // If everything's OK.

		// Make sure the email address is available:
		$q = "SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE email='$e'";
		$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc));

		if (mysqli_num_rows($r) == 0) { // Available.

			// Create the activation code:
			$a = md5(uniqid(rand(), true));

			// Add the user to the database:
			$q = "INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, business_name, country_id, state_id, email, pass, active, date_created) VALUES ('$fn', '$ln', '$bn', '$c', '$s', '$e', '$p', '$a', NOW() )";
			$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc));

			if (mysqli_affected_rows($dbc) == 1) { // If it ran OK.

				// Send a sign up notification email:
				$body = "" . $words['words210'] . "\n\n" . $words['words211'] . "\n\n";
				$body .= BASE_URL . 'activate.php?x=' . urlencode($e) . "&y=$a\n\n" . $words['words212'] . "\n\n" . $words['words213'] . "";
				mail($trimmed['email1'], $words['words214'], $body, 'From: ' . SEND_EMAIL);

				// Finish the script:
				echo '<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert" my-3>
					<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check fa-4x"></i>
					<h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words215'] . '</h4>
					<p class="text-md">' . $words['words216'] . '</p>
				</div>';
				include('templates/footer.html'); // Include the HTML footer.
				exit(); // Stop the script.

			} else { // If it did not run OK.
				echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3>
					<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i>
					<h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words217'] . '</h4>
					<p class="text-md">' . $words['words218'] . '</p>
				</div>';
			}

		} else { // The email address is not available.
			echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3>
				<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i>
				<h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words219'] . '</h4>
				<p class="text-md">' . $words['words220'] . '</p>
			</div>';
		}

	} else { // If one of the data tests failed.
		echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3>
			<i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i>
			<h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words221'] . '</h4>
			<p class="text-md">' . $words['words222'] . '</p>
		</div>';
	}

} // End of the main Submit conditional.

?>

<!-- Sign Up Form -->
<section class="slice sct-color-2 border-top border-bottom" id="signup">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row justify-content-center g-5">
            <div class="col-lg-7">
                <div class="card form-card form-card--style-2">
                    <div class="form-header text-center">
                        <div class="form-header-icon">
                            <i class="fa-solid fa-user-plus"></i>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-body">
                        <div class="text-center px-2">
                            <h3 class="heading heading-2 strong-600 text-normal"><?php echo $words['words223'] ?></h3>
                        </div>
                        <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words224'] ?></p>
                        <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words225'] ?>
                        	<a href="signin.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words226'] ?></a>
                        </p>
                        <form action="signup.php" method="post" class="form-signup" role="form">
                        	<div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="text" name="first_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['first_name'])) echo $trimmed['first_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words227'] ?>" maxlength="40" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="text" name="last_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['last_name'])) echo $trimmed['last_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words228'] ?>" maxlength="40" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-12">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="text" name="business_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['business_name'])) echo $trimmed['business_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words229'] ?>" maxlength="80">
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                    	<select name="country" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words230'] ?></option>
											<?php // Retrieve all the countries and add to the pull-down menu:
											$q = "SELECT country_id, country FROM countries WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY country ASC";
											$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q);
											while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) {
												echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\"";
												// Look for stickyness:
												if (isset($_POST['country']) && ($_POST['country'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"';
												echo ">$row[1]</option>\n";
											}
											?>
										</select>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
									<select name="state" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words231'] ?></option>
											<?php // Retrieve all the states and add to the pull-down menu:
											$q = "SELECT state_id, state FROM states WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY state ASC";
											$r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q);
											while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) {
												echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\"";
												// Look for stickyness:
												if (isset($_POST['state']) && ($_POST['state'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"';
												echo ">$row[1]</option>\n";
											}
											?>
										</select>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="email" name="email1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email1'])) echo $trimmed['email1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words232'] ?>" maxlength="50" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="email" name="email2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email2'])) echo $trimmed['email2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words233'] ?>" maxlength="50" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="password" name="password1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password1'])) echo $trimmed['password1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words234'] ?>" maxlength="50" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-md-6">
                                    <div class="form-group">
                                        <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password2'])) echo $trimmed['password2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words235'] ?>" maxlength="50" required>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="row">
                            	<div class="col-md-12">
	                                <div class="form-group">
	                                	<p class="text-center mt-2">
	                                        <?php echo $words['words236'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#privacyModal"><?php echo $words['words237'] ?></a> <?php echo $words['words238'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#termsModal"><?php echo $words['words239'] ?></a>.
	                                    </p>
	                                </div>
	                            </div>
                            </div>
                            <button type="submit" name="submit" class="w-100 btn btn-block btn-styled btn-base-2 mt-2"><?php echo $words['words240'] ?></button>
                        </form>

                        <!-- Form Auxiliary Links -->
                        <div class="form-user-footer-links">
                            <div class="row">
                                <div class="col-6">
                                    <p class="mt-4">
                                        <a href="reset_password.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words241'] ?></a>
                                    </p>
                                </div>
                                <div class="col-6">
                                    <p class=" text-right mt-4">
                                        <a href="index.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words242'] ?></a>
                                    </p>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</section><!-- /.sign up form -->

<?php
// Include the HTML footer file:
include('templates/footer.html');

 

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Hmmm... I would think this line would never be true if you assign $bn a NULL value.

if ($fn && $ln && $bn && $c && $s && $e && $p) { // If everything's OK.

But I could be wrong. In any case, are you still having problems with this or is it working now? 

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Hi Larry,

Thank you very much for your response. Unfortunately I couldn't get it to work yet. If I remove the $bn variable from the IF conditional (to test), the query executes but doesn't set the NULL (default value) in the business_name field in the database. Is that correct? Or could you suggest a way to check for either $bn values in the IF conditional?

Best regards.   

 

Edited by Jacques
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If the business name is optional, then it doesn't need to be in the main conditional. I would think your NULLIF() usage should work, it's just a question what false-ish PHP value will equate to a NULL-ish MySQL value. I don't know the answer to that but you ought to be able to figure it out with some experimentation. 

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