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Thanks again, Fred, for the interest! Unfortunately there's no change. I haven't spoken with the publisher about doing a new edition.

Ok thanks for reply, however as PHP 7/5 is going to be retired later this year for good, do you think that an updated PHP Advanced OOP book will be out in time to reflect the new changes in PHP 8, and if you may have any idea of it ever coming out, have a great day! best, Fred

Thanks for the nice words! I appreciate it. Everything I have should be in the repo to download, but if you could clarify what you mean by "script" and what chapter you're referring to, I can double-check. Cheers!

Hello, first of all, let me commend your book, which is written in simple words and is the best for beginners. Is there a script for the table 'transactions'?

Hey! First, just to be clear, you'd be going to the login.php page, not login.inc.php (which is an included file). In any case, to pull this off there are two options (off the top of my head): Use PHP to pass along the destination page. This would mean changing the login link so it adds ?dest=checkout to the URL (for the checkout page; for any other page you'd set this value accordingly). Then you'd update the login page so that on a successful login it redirects to that page. Use JavaScript to do a redirect to one page back in the history. The PHP route is better in my opinion, but requires a bit more programming effort.

Hi Larry, Hope you are well. If I am on the 'checkout.php' page, and then I go directly to the 'login.inc.php' page from the 'checkout.php' page, after I successfully log in, I want to go straight back to the 'checkout.php' page. I want to go directly back to the checkout.php from the 'login.inc.php' page, only after initially coming from the 'checkout.php page', and not from any other page. So whatever page I am on, and I go directly to the 'login.inc.php' from that page, I want to be redirected straight back to the previous page. I have tried to implement this, but I am not having much luck. PS: I am trying to include the login feature from exercise 1. Thank you. regards

If I'm following your question correctly, I suspect the intent is you one one query to confirm that the email address isn't already registered. You'd print an error message if it is registered or continue with the registration--run the INSERT--if not.

I'm having trouble understanding what to do for the modifying register review part of chapter 9 using mysql and PHP. It says you should you mysqli_query() to check if the user is entering a repeat email/account reg info but then it says this checks if it is safe to insert the reg info via the form. How are you supposed to enter 2 queries using the mysqli_query() function when that is not possible; I have read. Apparently you have to use multi queries which I cannot wrap my head around. Any help on this subject would be much appreciated, thanks .

Thank you for your response Larry, I will fiddle with it a bit. Best regards.

If the business name is optional, then it doesn't need to be in the main conditional. I would think your NULLIF() usage should work, it's just a question what false-ish PHP value will equate to a NULL-ish MySQL value. I don't know the answer to that but you ought to be able to figure it out with some experimentation.

Hey Alexander. Thanks for you help with this! Please do just post them here and I'll correct them in the next release.

Hi Larry, Thank you very much for your response. Unfortunately I couldn't get it to work yet. If I remove the $bn variable from the IF conditional (to test), the query executes but doesn't set the NULL (default value) in the business_name field in the database. Is that correct? Or could you suggest a way to check for either $bn values in the IF conditional? Best regards.

Thanks for your question. This is not something I've ever covered in one of my books but what you want to search for is "responsive images": https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images

Hmmm... I would think this line would never be true if you assign $bn a NULL value. if ($fn && $ln && $bn && $c && $s && $e && $p) { // If everything's OK. But I could be wrong. In any case, are you still having problems with this or is it working now?

I thought the chapter on image uploads was very clear. However, I have not found anything to help with the subject of how to render an appropriate sized image depending upon the device size. If I load a large image (for desktop), the same image will also be loaded for mobile too. I suspect the answer is to take copies of an image and somehow provide the code which enables to server to know which image to render (small, medium large for example). What approach is best taken here? and do you have this subject covered in any of your other books? Thank you

Hi Larry, Please accept my sincere apology for wasting your time by adding the wrong code. The code above included an alternative solution that I found, but I prefer to use your code and solution as below. I tested only the business_name column in the database by inserting the NULL value via the Xammp MariaDB SQL console, and the query executed and inserted the NULL value. Below please find the actual code from your code examples. Thank you. <?php /* * Script: signup.php * Modified: 03-18-2022 * Frontend: HTML5 & CSS3 * Backend: PHP 7 * Database: MariaDB 10 */ /* This script: - is the sign up page for the application. - calls the configuration script. - redirects invalid users. - opens the database connection. - displays, validates and processes the sign up form. */ // Require the configuration before any PHP code as the configuration controls error reporting: require('includes/config.inc.php'); // The config file also starts the session. // If an id session variable exists, redirect the user: if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) { $url = 'dashboard.php'; // Define the URL. ob_end_clean(); // Delete the buffer. header("Location: $url"); exit(); // Quit the script. } // Require the database connection: require(MYSQL); // Include the page title: $page_title = $words['words200']; // Include the HTML header file: include('templates/header.html'); // Look for a form submission: if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { // Trim all the incoming data: $trimmed = array_map('trim', $_POST); // Assume invalid values: $fn = $ln = $bn = $c = $s = $e = $p = FALSE; // Look for a first name: if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['first_name'])) { $fn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['first_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words201'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a last name: if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['last_name'])) { $ln = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['last_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words202'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a business name (not required): if (empty($trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = NULL; } elseif (preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9 \',.#-]{2,80}$/i', $trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['business_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words203'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a country: if (isset($_POST['country']) && filter_var($_POST['country'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1)) ) { $c = $_POST['country']; } else { // No country selected. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words204'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a state: if (isset($_POST['state']) && filter_var($_POST['state'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1)) ) { $s = $_POST['state']; } else { // No state selected. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words205'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for an email address: if (filter_var($trimmed['email1'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { if ($trimmed['email1'] == $trimmed['email2']) { $e = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['email1']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words206'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words207'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a password and match against the confirmed password: if (strlen($trimmed['password1']) >= 8) { if ($trimmed['password1'] == $trimmed['password2']) { $p = password_hash($trimmed['password1'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words208'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words209'] . '</p> </div>'; } if ($fn && $ln && $bn && $c && $s && $e && $p) { // If everything's OK. // Make sure the email address is available: $q = "SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE email='$e'"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc)); if (mysqli_num_rows($r) == 0) { // Available. // Create the activation code: $a = md5(uniqid(rand(), true)); // Add the user to the database: $q = "INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, business_name, country_id, state_id, email, pass, active, date_created) VALUES ('$fn', '$ln', '$bn', '$c', '$s', '$e', '$p', '$a', NOW() )"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc)); if (mysqli_affected_rows($dbc) == 1) { // If it ran OK. // Send a sign up notification email: $body = "" . $words['words210'] . "\n\n" . $words['words211'] . "\n\n"; $body .= BASE_URL . 'activate.php?x=' . urlencode($e) . "&y=$a\n\n" . $words['words212'] . "\n\n" . $words['words213'] . ""; mail($trimmed['email1'], $words['words214'], $body, 'From: ' . SEND_EMAIL); // Finish the script: echo '<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words215'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words216'] . '</p> </div>'; include('templates/footer.html'); // Include the HTML footer. exit(); // Stop the script. } else { // If it did not run OK. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words217'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words218'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { // The email address is not available. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words219'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words220'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { // If one of the data tests failed. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words221'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words222'] . '</p> </div>'; } } // End of the main Submit conditional. ?> <!-- Sign Up Form --> <section class="slice sct-color-2 border-top border-bottom" id="signup"> <div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-center g-5"> <div class="col-lg-7"> <div class="card form-card form-card--style-2"> <div class="form-header text-center"> <div class="form-header-icon"> <i class="fa-solid fa-user-plus"></i> </div> </div> <div class="form-body"> <div class="text-center px-2"> <h3 class="heading heading-2 strong-600 text-normal"><?php echo $words['words223'] ?></h3> </div> <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words224'] ?></p> <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words225'] ?> <a href="signin.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words226'] ?></a> </p> <form action="signup.php" method="post" class="form-signup" role="form"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="first_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['first_name'])) echo $trimmed['first_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words227'] ?>" maxlength="40" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="last_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['last_name'])) echo $trimmed['last_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words228'] ?>" maxlength="40" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="business_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['business_name'])) echo $trimmed['business_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words229'] ?>" maxlength="80"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <select name="country" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words230'] ?></option> <?php // Retrieve all the countries and add to the pull-down menu: $q = "SELECT country_id, country FROM countries WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY country ASC"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q); while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) { echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\""; // Look for stickyness: if (isset($_POST['country']) && ($_POST['country'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"'; echo ">$row[1]</option>\n"; } ?> </select> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <select name="state" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words231'] ?></option> <?php // Retrieve all the states and add to the pull-down menu: $q = "SELECT state_id, state FROM states WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY state ASC"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q); while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) { echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\""; // Look for stickyness: if (isset($_POST['state']) && ($_POST['state'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"'; echo ">$row[1]</option>\n"; } ?> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email1'])) echo $trimmed['email1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words232'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email2'])) echo $trimmed['email2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words233'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="password" name="password1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password1'])) echo $trimmed['password1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words234'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password2'])) echo $trimmed['password2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words235'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="form-group"> <p class="text-center mt-2"> <?php echo $words['words236'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#privacyModal"><?php echo $words['words237'] ?></a> <?php echo $words['words238'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#termsModal"><?php echo $words['words239'] ?></a>. </p> </div> </div> </div> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="w-100 btn btn-block btn-styled btn-base-2 mt-2"><?php echo $words['words240'] ?></button> </form> <!-- Form Auxiliary Links --> <div class="form-user-footer-links"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6"> <p class="mt-4"> <a href="reset_password.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words241'] ?></a> </p> </div> <div class="col-6"> <p class=" text-right mt-4"> <a href="index.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words242'] ?></a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section><!-- /.sign up form --> <?php // Include the HTML footer file: include('templates/footer.html');

In your two code examples you have different assigned values for if the business name is empty. First you assign it to the PHP NULL and in the script you assign it to the PHP true. Then you use this value in the MySQL NULLIF() function. In either case you use the value in quotes, which might work, but probably isn't in your case. When you're testing this query directly you say it works, but I imagine at that time you're using a query with NULLIF('', ''), which is probably not the same as whatever PHP is doing. My suspicion is the PHP-generated values don't resolve to an equal comparison in the MySQL query. Specifically I would guess that the PHP NULL or true would get converted to 0 or 1 when put into a string and quoted. You can confirm this by printing out the query dynamically generated by the PHP script.

Hi Larry, Apologies as I tried to submit more information after I realized that I hadn't provided enough, but forgot to submit it! Below is the complete signup script. Thank you. <?php /* * Script: signup.php * Modified: 03-18-2022 * Frontend: HTML5 & CSS3 * Backend: PHP 7 * Database: MariaDB 10 */ /* This script: - is the sign up page for the application. - calls the configuration script. - redirects invalid users. - opens the database connection. - displays, validates and processes the sign up form. */ // Require the configuration before any PHP code as the configuration controls error reporting: require('includes/config.inc.php'); // The config file also starts the session. // If an id session variable exists, redirect the user: if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) { $url = 'dashboard.php'; // Define the URL. ob_end_clean(); // Delete the buffer. header("Location: $url"); exit(); // Quit the script. } // Require the database connection: require(MYSQL); // Include the page title: $page_title = $words['words200']; // Include the HTML header file: include('templates/header.html'); // Look for a form submission: if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') { // Trim all the incoming data: $trimmed = array_map('trim', $_POST); // Assume invalid values: $fn = $ln = $bn = $c = $s = $e = $p = FALSE; // Look for a first name: if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['first_name'])) { $fn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['first_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words201'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a last name: if (preg_match('/^[A-Z \'.-]{2,40}$/i', $trimmed['last_name'])) { $ln = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['last_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words202'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a business name (not required): if (empty($trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = true; } elseif (preg_match('/^[A-Z0-9 \',.#-]{2,80}$/i', $trimmed['business_name'])) { $bn = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['business_name']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words203'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a country: if (isset($_POST['country']) && filter_var($_POST['country'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1)) ) { $c = $_POST['country']; } else { // No country selected. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words204'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a state: if (isset($_POST['state']) && filter_var($_POST['state'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT, array('min_range' => 1)) ) { $s = $_POST['state']; } else { // No state selected. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words205'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for an email address: if (filter_var($trimmed['email1'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { if ($trimmed['email1'] == $trimmed['email2']) { $e = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbc, $trimmed['email1']); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words206'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words207'] . '</p> </div>'; } // Look for a password and match against the confirmed password: if (strlen($trimmed['password1']) >= 8) { if ($trimmed['password1'] == $trimmed['password2']) { $p = password_hash($trimmed['password1'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT); } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words208'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { echo '<div class="alert alert-danger mb-3"> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words209'] . '</p> </div>'; } if ($fn && $ln && $bn && $c && $s && $e && $p) { // If everything's OK. // Make sure the email address is available: $q = "SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE email='$e'"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc)); if (mysqli_num_rows($r) == 0) { // Available. // Create the activation code: $a = md5(uniqid(rand(), true)); // Add the user to the database: $q = "INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, business_name, country_id, state_id, email, pass, active, date_created) VALUES ('$fn', '$ln', NULLIF ('$bn',''), '$c', '$s', '$e', '$p', '$a', NOW() )"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q) or trigger_error("Query: $q\n<br>MySQL Error: " . mysqli_error($dbc)); if (mysqli_affected_rows($dbc) == 1) { // If it ran OK. // Send a sign up notification email: $body = "" . $words['words210'] . "\n\n" . $words['words211'] . "\n\n"; $body .= BASE_URL . 'activate.php?x=' . urlencode($e) . "&y=$a\n\n" . $words['words212'] . "\n\n" . $words['words213'] . ""; mail($trimmed['email1'], $words['words214'], $body, 'From: ' . SEND_EMAIL); // Finish the script: echo '<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-check fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words215'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words216'] . '</p> </div>'; include('templates/footer.html'); // Include the HTML footer. exit(); // Stop the script. } else { // If it did not run OK. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words217'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words218'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { // The email address is not available. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words219'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words220'] . '</p> </div>'; } } else { // If one of the data tests failed. echo '<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert" my-3> <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation fa-4x"></i> <h4 class="alert-heading">' . $words['words221'] . '</h4> <p class="text-md">' . $words['words222'] . '</p> </div>'; } } // End of the main Submit conditional. ?> <!-- Sign Up Form --> <section class="slice sct-color-2 border-top border-bottom" id="signup"> <div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-center g-5"> <div class="col-lg-7"> <div class="card form-card form-card--style-2"> <div class="form-header text-center"> <div class="form-header-icon"> <i class="fa-solid fa-user-plus"></i> </div> </div> <div class="form-body"> <div class="text-center px-2"> <h3 class="heading heading-2 strong-600 text-normal"><?php echo $words['words223'] ?></h3> </div> <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words224'] ?></p> <p class="text-center mt-2"><?php echo $words['words225'] ?> <a href="signin.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words226'] ?></a> </p> <form action="signup.php" method="post" class="form-signup" role="form"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="first_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['first_name'])) echo $trimmed['first_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words227'] ?>" maxlength="40" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="last_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['last_name'])) echo $trimmed['last_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words228'] ?>" maxlength="40" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" name="business_name" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['business_name'])) echo $trimmed['business_name']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words229'] ?>" maxlength="80"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <select name="country" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words230'] ?></option> <?php // Retrieve all the countries and add to the pull-down menu: $q = "SELECT country_id, country FROM countries WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY country ASC"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q); while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) { echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\""; // Look for stickyness: if (isset($_POST['country']) && ($_POST['country'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"'; echo ">$row[1]</option>\n"; } ?> </select> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <select name="state" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2"><option><?php echo $words['words231'] ?></option> <?php // Retrieve all the states and add to the pull-down menu: $q = "SELECT state_id, state FROM states WHERE lang_id={$_SESSION['lid']} AND status='Active' ORDER BY state ASC"; $r = mysqli_query($dbc, $q); while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($r, MYSQLI_NUM)) { echo "<option value=\"$row[0]\""; // Look for stickyness: if (isset($_POST['state']) && ($_POST['state'] == $row[0]) ) echo ' selected="selected"'; echo ">$row[1]</option>\n"; } ?> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email1'])) echo $trimmed['email1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words232'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['email2'])) echo $trimmed['email2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words233'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="password" name="password1" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password1'])) echo $trimmed['password1']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words234'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control form-control-lg mt-2" value="<?php if (isset($trimmed['password2'])) echo $trimmed['password2']; ?>" placeholder="<?php echo $words['words235'] ?>" maxlength="50" required> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="form-group"> <p class="text-center mt-2"> <?php echo $words['words236'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#privacyModal"><?php echo $words['words237'] ?></a> <?php echo $words['words238'] ?> <a href="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#termsModal"><?php echo $words['words239'] ?></a>. </p> </div> </div> </div> <button type="submit" name="submit" class="w-100 btn btn-block btn-styled btn-base-2 mt-2"><?php echo $words['words240'] ?></button> </form> <!-- Form Auxiliary Links --> <div class="form-user-footer-links"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6"> <p class="mt-4"> <a href="reset_password.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words241'] ?></a> </p> </div> <div class="col-6"> <p class=" text-right mt-4"> <a href="index.php" class=""><?php echo $words['words242'] ?></a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section><!-- /.sign up form --> <?php // Include the HTML footer file: include('templates/footer.html');

Hey Jacques! There's not really enough information here for me to make any suggestions. I'd start with the standard debugging methods: print out the query being run on the database (i.e., an example of the dynamically generated query) and also have the database report any errors (do this in the PHP script itself).