Chapter 11 - Navigating Directories

[Nash]

Hi i was wondering if someone could help me understand why in the chapter "navigating directories" the substr function is there. If i take it away then . and .. appears on top of the folders. I read in the book that "That same conditional also checks that the current item isn’t the current directory (marked by a single period on Unix systems) or the parent directory (marked by a double period on Unix

systems". But from what i can tell is that the path would be something like this -> /.folder_name . Does the period before a folder show that it is in the same directory because i thought it would go something like this -> ./folder_name.

 

Thanks in advance

Nash

[Stuart]

./same_directory

 

../parent_directory

 

/root_directory

[mica123]

I would be grateful if you could explain what this code

(substr($item,0, 1)

means in this particular case.

 

Thank you.

[Larry]

That returns the first character in $item: a substring starting at position 0 (i.e., the first character) and going a length of 1 characters.